Resource Center / Specialties

Billing by specialty

Denial patterns, documentation standards, and appeal workflows built for how each specialty actually gets paid. Every guide grounded in primary sources: CMS, AMA, CARC/RARC master lists, and current federal regulations.

Pillar guide · Updated April 2026

Behavioral Health Billing

Denial rates run 15-25%, roughly triple general medicine. Learn the 2026 parity landscape, top denial codes, and how to win 80%+ of external appeals.

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Pillar guide · Updated April 2026

Dermatology Billing

Modifier strategy (25, 59, X modifiers), cosmetic vs medical necessity documentation, and the bundling rules that drive denials in dermatology practices.

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Pillar guide · Updated April 2026

Physical Therapy Billing

The 8-minute rule mapped to timed CPT codes, plan of care documentation that survives NCCI edits, and the 2026 KX modifier threshold ($2,480) strategy.

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Pillar guide · Updated April 2026

Ambulatory Surgery Centers

Implant billing (pass-through vs packaged), POS 24 vs 22, multiple procedure reductions, and the CY 2026 OPPS/ASC rule changes (302 new covered procedures).

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Pillar guide · Updated July 2026

Ophthalmology Billing

Intravitreal injection laterality (67028 with J-codes), cataract global periods, premium IOL split-billing (V2632), and 2026 NCCI Chapter 8 bundling rules.

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Pillar guide · Updated July 2026

Orthopedic Billing

Global surgical period modifiers (24, 58, 78, 79), joint injection billing (20610, 20611), fracture care globals, and assistant surgeon payment policy indicators.

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Why specialty matters in billing

Generalist billing treats denials as clerical errors to rework and resubmit. Specialty billing treats them as signals. A denied 90837 is not a coding error, it is a clinical necessity dispute. A denied ASC implant is not a missing modifier, it is a pass-through classification gap. The specialty determines the playbook.

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